![]() ![]() Medial maleolus and/or deltoid ligament injury present.Type C (equivalent to Lauge-Hansen PER).The distal tibiofibular joint is widened indicating a syndesmotic injury.Distal extent at the level of the talar dome.Type B (equivalent to Lauge-Hansen SER).Usually stable if the medial malleolus is intact.The medial malleolus is often fractured.The tibiofibular syndesmosis and the deltoid ligament are intact.Danis-Weber (based on location of fibular fracture).Stage 3: Transverse comminuted fracture of the fibula above the level of the syndesmosis.Stage 1: Transverse fracture of medial malleolus or tear of deltoid ligament.Pronation-abduction (PA): Stage 4: PITFL tear or avulsion of posterior malleolus.Stage 3: High spiral fracture of lateral malleolus above level of mortise.Stage 1: Transverse fracture of the medial malleolus or tear of the deltoid ligament.Pronation-external rotation (PER): ~20% of ankle fractures.Stage 4: Transverse fracture of medial malleolus or tear of deltoid ligament (trimalleolar fracture).Stage 3: Tear of the posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) or avulsion of posterior malleolus.Stage 2:Spiral fracture of the lateral malleolus at and above level of mortise.Stage 1: tear of anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) or avulsion of anterior tibia.Supination-external rotation (SER): ~60% of ankle fractures.Stage 2: Oblique fracture of medial malleolus.Stage 1: Transverse fracture of lateral malleolus below the level of the mortise or lateral ligament tear.Supination-Adduction (SA): (~20% ankle fractures). ![]()
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